Study uncovers new insights into processes underpinning melanoma

The molecular structure of a master regulator central to the most deadly form of skin cancer has been uncovered by a team of European researchers.

Scientists led by the Hamburg branch of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) have used x-ray technology to analyse microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which is connected to the killer cancer melanoma.

Analysis revealed unexpected molecular insertions that give MITF unique characteristics, such as the ability to bind to other transcription factors, as well as structural changes caused by MITF mutations that create a number of other effects.

This research could reveal insights into not only how to treat cancer, but also other hereditary diseases where the production of the skin pigment melanin is disturbed and certain aspects of ageing.

Matthias Wilmanns, a group leader at EMBL Hamburg, said: "Ultimately the goal will be to fully understand how MITF functions to evaluate how it can be targeted for potential treatment."

There are currently almost 13,000 new cases of melanoma diagnosed each year in the UK, with this once-rare disease becoming more common in recent years.