Molecular ‘off switch’ found for certain cancer types

Scientists at the University of Cambridge have discovered a potential means of treating malignant germ cell tumours by targeting a protein that can act as a molecular on/off switch.

The team found that this type of cancer – which usually occurs in the testes or ovaries – is associated with large amounts of a protein called LIN28, which can reduce levels of the regulator molecule let-7 in a way that helps tumours to proliferate.

By inhibiting LIN28, it is possible to shut down this cycle, a technique that could be used as an alternative to chemotherapy treatments that can have severe long-term side effects.

Dr Matthew Murray, academic consultant in paediatric oncology at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, said: "The switch effect that we have discovered is present in all malignant germ cell tumours … Such a fundamental abnormality makes an excellent new target for treating these tumours."

Germ cell tumours are relatively rare, accounting for around five percent of all ovarian cancer cases.