Nanotechnology research lays foundations for implantable artificial kidney

A new advance in nanofilter technology could aid efforts to develop implantable artificial kidneys in future.

Researchers from the University of California, San Francisco and Vanderbilt University have collaborated to produce a silicon nanofilter that is able to remove toxins, salts, some small molecules and water from the blood.

Based on manufacturing methods used in the production of semiconductor electronics and microelectromechanical systems, the technology nanofilters offer several advantages over filters now used in dialysis machines, including more uniform pore size.

It is designed to function on blood pressure alone, without the need for a pump or electrical power. The aim is to create an artificial kidney that can be connected internally to the patient's blood supply and bladder, and implanted near the patient's own kidneys.

Vanderbilt University nephrologist William Fissell said: "We are increasing the options for people with chronic kidney disease who would otherwise be forced onto dialysis."

A surgically implantable artificial kidney could be a promising alternative to kidney transplantation or dialysis for people with end-stage renal disease.