Raman Spectroscopy Unlocks Secrets of Darwin’s Jars Without Risk

UK researchers have made a breakthrough in museum preservation with the first-ever in situ analysis of Charles Darwin’s historic specimen jars using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). This innovative approach, led by Agilent Technologies and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), allows for the analysis of preservation fluids without opening the containers, thus maintaining their historical integrity.

In the world of life sciences and conservation, understanding and maintaining the chemical stability of preservation fluids in museum specimens is crucial. Traditionally, this required opening jars, risking damage and contamination. However, with SORS, which Agilent acquired from STFC in 2017, this is no longer necessary. The technique utilises a physical offset between the laser excitation and the detection area, enabling analysis beyond the surface of the jars. This method was successfully tested on 46 specimens at the Natural History Museum in London, some collected by Darwin himself. Findings revealed that SORS could accurately identify the preservation fluids in 78.5% of cases, providing a significant advancement in conservation technology.

The successful application of SORS in a museum setting marks a significant leap forward in conservation science, underscoring the potential for non-invasive analysis in preserving historical specimens. This development not only protects invaluable artefacts from damage but also opens up new possibilities for the meticulous care of museum collections worldwide. As museums seek more sophisticated methods for conservation management, SORS stands out as a revolutionary tool in preserving the past for future generations.